Guiding Opinions on Spring Rapeseed Planting Technology

According to meteorological monitoring, this year's spring rapeseed planting season has better soil moisture, with 20-30% more precipitation than previous years and an average temperature 1 ℃ -2 ℃ lower, which is conducive to suitable soil moisture planting. All regions should focus on early preparation, early sowing, and early prevention and control, with a focus on key production nodes such as seed selection, sowing, fertilization, weeding, pest control, disease prevention, and harvesting. Efforts should be made to effectively promote various agricultural technologies for spring rapeseed production, laying a solid technical foundation for the large-scale increase in yield of grain and oil crops throughout the year.

Non cruciferous crop rotation should be selected for rapeseed planting. Prepare fertilizers, seeds, and agricultural machinery such as plowing, sowing, and compaction. Select high-yield, high oil, and machine harvested varieties according to different regional conditions of light and temperature resources. For areas above 2900 meters above sea level such as Qinghai, Gansu, and Sichuan, spring early maturing cabbage or early maturing cabbage varieties should be selected. For areas between 2700 and 2900 meters above sea level, early maturing cabbage hybrid varieties should be selected. For areas below 2700 meters above sea level, mid to late maturing hybrid varieties can be selected; Select mid late maturing hybrid cabbage varieties with high yield, lodging resistance, and good disease resistance in the spring rapeseed areas of northwest Xinjiang, northeast Inner Mongolia, and Bashang, Hebei; Select early maturing cabbage hybrid varieties or early maturing mustard varieties that are cold resistant, drought tolerant, and barren tolerant in arid mountainous areas such as Gansu, Shanxi, and western Inner Mongolia.

When the daily average temperature stabilizes above 5 ℃, sowing and suppressing the soil moisture is beneficial for preventing wind and moisture, promoting seedling emergence. The sowing depth is about 2 centimeters. The planting amount per mu for mid to late maturing varieties is 350-500 grams. In arid and non irrigated areas, 30000 to 40000 seedlings per mu are protected, and in areas with irrigation conditions or abundant rainfall, 20000 to 30000 seedlings per mu are protected; Early maturing varieties require 500-600 grams of seeds per mu, with 50000 to 60000 seedlings protected per mu; The planting amount of early maturing Brassica napus or Brassica napus per mu is 1000-1500 grams, and the number of seedlings per mu is 150000-180000. It is recommended to use pesticides such as thiamethoxam and fipronil for seed mixing before sowing to improve seedling emergence rate and uniformity, and enhance the prevention and control effect of diseases and pests such as downy mildew, root rot, jumping nail, and stem weevil during the seedling stage.

Based on soil fertility and yield targets, it is recommended to use slow-release fertilizers specifically for rapeseed to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency and reduce late stage fertilization input. The target yield of early maturing varieties is 150 kilograms per mu, and 30-40 kilograms of special slow-release fertilizer need to be applied per mu; The target yield for mid to late maturing varieties is 200 kilograms per mu, and 40-50 kilograms of specialized slow-release fertilizer should be applied per mu. If the "base dressing" combination method is adopted, generally 9-12 kilograms of pure nitrogen, 11-14 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, 5-7 kilograms of potassium oxide, 0.75 kilograms of borax, and 1 kilogram of zinc sulfate are applied per mu. 60% of the total nitrogen fertilizer and all phosphorus, potassium, boron, and zinc fertilizers are used as base fertilizers, 20% -30% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as seedling fertilizer, 10% -20% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as stem fertilizer, and 1-2 kilograms of potassium oxide can be applied as appropriate for high-yield fields.